Tranvía municipal y dinámica urbana de Bogotá, 1910 – 1929: una mirada desde el tranvía al desarrollo físico e institucional de Bogotá

En las primeras décadas del siglo XX Bogotá inició un proceso de cambios físicos y administrativos que difieren sustancialmente con las tendencias de la ciudad decimonónica. La investigación que se presenta procura seguir las huellas y sintetizar esta experiencia urbana a partir del tranvía municipal. Se intenta valorar este medio de transporte como uno de los principales elementos estructurantes que caracterizaron tanto el funcionamiento espacial como la dinámica socio política de la ciudad. El tranvía de origen privado devino empresa pública en 1910, consecuencia de un gran movimiento ciudadano que presionó su compra a la compañía norteamericana The Bogotá City Railway Company, constituyéndose en la primera empresa de servicios públicos de propiedad de la ciudad. Esta situación que inicialmente puso al gobierno municipal frente a dos grandes retos: el primero la consecución de $800.000 pesos oro equivalente a 7.5$10.651.500 y el segundo la manera de administrarla, generó dos grandes aportes para Bogotá, el primero: una empresa que representó alrededor del 42% del presupuesto municipal con rentabilidades entre el 45% y el 55% que sirvió de apoyo para el desarrollo administrativo y financiero de otras empresas del municipio y el segundo: el modelo de administración de servicios de la ciudad a través de Juntas de conformación pública y privada.In the first decades of the twentieth century Bogotá began a process of physical and administrative changes that differed substantially with the trends of the nineteenth century city. The research that is presented seeks to follow the traces and synthesize this urban experience from the municipal tramway. It is tried to evaluate this means of transport as one of the main structuring elements that characterized both the spatial functioning and the socio-political dynamics of the city. The tram of private origin became public company in 1910, consequence of a great citizen movement that pressed its purchase to the North American company The Bogota City Railway Company, becoming the first public utility of property of the city. This situation that initially put the municipal government in front of two major challenges: the first achieving $800,000 gold equivalent to 7.5$ 10,651,500 and the second the way to administer it, generated two large contributions to Bogotá, the first: a company that represented about 42% of the municipal budget with yields between 45% and 55% that served as support for the administrative and financial development of other companies in the municipality and the second: the management model of Services of the city through public and private meetings

Automatic Recognition of Mammal Genera on Camera-Trap Images using Multi-Layer Robust Principal Component Analysis and Mixture Neural Networks

The segmentation and classification of animals from camera-trap images is due to the conditions under which the images are taken, a difficult task. This work presents a method for classifying and segmenting mammal genera from camera-trap images. Our method uses Multi-Layer Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) for segmenting, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for extracting features, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) for selecting features, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) or Support Vector Machines (SVM) for classifying mammal genera present in the Colombian forest. We evaluated our method with the camera-trap images from the Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute. We obtained an accuracy of 92.65% classifying 8 mammal genera and a False Positive (FP) class, using automatic-segmented images. On the other hand, we reached 90.32% of accuracy classifying 10 mammal genera, using ground-truth images only. Unlike almost all previous works, we confront the animal segmentation and genera classification in the camera-trap recognition. This method shows a new approach toward a fully-automatic detection of animals from camera-trap images

Curvature-based remeshing methodology oriented to human face 3D models

Remeshing techniques seek to modify a mesh in order to adapt it to an specific application. This work proposes a remeshing methodology specialized in the human face, whose purpose is to reduce the number of faces and vertices that requires the mesh, keeping the characteristics of the human anatomy. Curvature information that highlights the intrinsic anisotropy of natural geometry or geometry of human origin is used to accomplish this. Results were polygonal anisotropic meshes, composed mainly of quadrilaterals, with less than 50% of the points and faces of the initial mesh, that maintain the anatomical features for models of the face in a neutral expression, or expressions of happiness, disgust, fear, angry, surprise, and sadness. The methodology was validated with models from the BU-3DFE database, and the quality of the obtained results were evaluated against the remeshing achieved when a technique of simplification based on quadric error metrics is used.Las técnicas de remallado buscan modificar la malla de entrada para adaptarla a la aplicación específica. En este trabajo se propone una metodología de remallado especializada en el rostro humano, cuyo propósito es reducir el número de caras y vértices que requiere la malla, manteniendo las características propias de la anatomía humana. Para lograr esto se utiliza la información de curvatura, la cual destaca la anisotropía intrínseca en la geometría natural o en la geometría de origen humano. Como resultado se obtuvieron mallas anisotrópicas poligonales, compuestas principalmente por cuadriláteros, con menos del 50% de los puntos y caras de la malla inicial, que mantienen las características anatómicas para modelos del rostro en expresión neutra, o con expresiones de alegría, enojo, repugnancia, miedo, sorpresa y tristeza. La metodología se validó con los modelos presentes en la base de datos BU-3DFE, y se comparó la calidad de los resultados obtenidos contra el remallado que se logra con la técnica de simplificación basada en quadric error metrics

Terapias de erradicación de Helicobacter pylori en consultorio externo de gastroenterología del Hospital EsSalud Jorge Reátegui Delgado de setiembre 2018- 2019

Objetivo: Determinar la tasa de erradicación contra Helicobacter Pylori mediante el esquema de tratamiento cuádruple comparado al esquema de terapia triple, en los pacientes de consultorio externo de gastroenterología del Hospital Essalud Jorge Reátegui Delgado, durante setiembre del 2018- 2019. Métodos: El estudio fue de tipo transversal, analítico, observacional, por medio del empleo de historias clínicas de los pacientes adultos diagnosticados con Helicobacter Pylori por endoscopia más biopsia. Resultados: Se incluyó dos grupos de pacientes tratados con terapia triple (n=160) y terapia cuádruple (n=160). La edad promedio de los pacientes que recibieron terapia cuádruple fue menor a la de aquellos en los que se empleó terapia triple (33,38 años vs 36,86 años, p=0,047). La presencia de nauseas/vómitos fue más prevalente entre pacientes elegidos para terapia cuádruple que terapia triple (40,63% vs 28,75%, p=0,026). La tasa de en erradicación con terapia triple fue de 80% y para la terapia cuádruple fue de 88,75%. Conclusiones: La tasa para erradicar a Helicobacter Pylori fue más alta entre los pacientes con terapia cuádruple que para terapia triple (p=0,031).Objective: Determine the eradication rate against Helicobacter Pylori using the quadruple treatment scheme compared to the triple therapy scheme, in patients of the external gastroenterology clinic of the Essalud Jorge Reátegui Delgado Hospital, during September 2018-2019. Methods: The study was cross-sectional, analytical, observational, using clinical records of adult patients diagnosed with Helicobacter Pylori by endoscopy plus biopsy. Results: Two groups of patients treated with triple therapy (n = 160) and quadruple therapy (n = 160) were included. The average age of the patients who received quadruple therapy was lower than that of those in whom triple therapy was used (33.38 years vs. 36.86 years, p = 0.047). The presence of nausea / vomiting was more prevalent among patients chosen for quadruple therapy than triple therapy (40.63% vs. 28.75%, p = 0.026). The eradication rate with triple therapy was 80% and for quadruple therapy it was 88.75%. Conclusions: The rate to eradicate Helicobacter Pylori was higher among patients with quadruple therapy than for triple therapy (p = 0.031).Tesi

Statistical Shape Spaces for 3D Data: A Review

International audienceMethods and systems for capturing 3D geometry are becoming increasingly commonplace–and with them a plethora of 3D data. Much of this data is unfortunately corrupted by noise, missing data, occlusions or other outliers. However, when we are interested in the shape of a particular class of objects, such as human faces or bodies, we can use machine learning techniques, applied to clean, registered databases of these shapes, to make sense of raw 3D point clouds or other data. This has applications ranging from virtual change rooms to motion and gait analysis to surgical planning depending on the type of shape. In this chapter, we give an overview of these techniques, a brief review of the literature, and comparative evaluation of two such shape spaces for human faces

Bartolomé o de la dominación (fragmento)

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